Prevalence of Individual and Combined Components of the Female Athlete Triad.
Prevalence of Individual and Combined Components of the Female Athlete Triad.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Dec 14;
Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ
INTRODUCTION: The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome linking low energy availability (EA) with or without disordered eating (DE), menstrual disturbances (MD), and low bone mineral density (BMD) in exercising women. The prevalence of Triad conditions (both clinical and subclinical) has not been clearly established. PORPUSE: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the studies that determined the prevalence of clinical or subclinical Triad conditions (low EA, DE, MD, low BMD) in exercising women and in women participating in lean (LS) vs. non-lean sports (NLS) using self-report and/or objective measures. METHODS: A review of publications using MEDLINE and PubMed was completed. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that evaluated the prevalence of clinical and subclinical Triad conditions (MD, low BMD, low EA, and DE) in exercising women were included. RESULTS: 65 studies were identified for inclusion in this review (n=10,498, mean age: 21.8±3.5yr, mean BMI: 20.8±2.6kg/m). A relatively small percentage of athletes (0-15.9%) exhibited all three Triad conditions (9 studies; n=991). The prevalence of any two or any one of the Triad conditions in these studies ranged from 2.7-27.0% and 16.0-60.0%, respectively. The prevalence of all three Triad conditions in LS athletes vs. NLS athletes ranged from 1.5-6.7% and 0-2.0%, respectively. LS athletes demonstrated higher prevalence rates of MD and low BMD (3.3% vs. 1.0%), MD and DE (6.8-57.8% vs. 5.4-13.5%), and low BMD and DE (5.6% vs. 1.0%) than the NLS athletes. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of individual/combined Triad conditions is concerning, our review demonstrates that additional research on the prevalence of the Triad using objective and/or self-report/field measures is necessary in order to more accurately describe the extent of the problem.
HubMed – eating
Cortisol and ghrelin concentrations following a cold pressor stress test in overweight individuals with and without night eating.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 Dec 18;
Geliebter A, Carnell S, Gluck ME
Objective:To explore appetite-related hormones following stress in overweight individuals, and their relationship with night eating (NE) status.Method:We measured plasma cortisol and ghrelin concentrations, and recorded ratings of stress and hunger in response to a physiological laboratory stressor (cold pressor test, CPT), in overweight women with (n=11; NE) and without (n=17; non-NE) NE.Results:Following the CPT, cortisol (P<0.001) and ghrelin (P<0.05) levels increased, as did stress and hunger ratings (all P<0.001), across all subjects (NE and non-NE). NE exhibited higher baseline cortisol (P<0.05) levels than non-NE. NE also had greater cortisol area under the curve (AUC) than non-NE (P=0.019), but not when controlling for baseline cortisol levels. Ghrelin baseline and AUC did not differ between groups. NE showed higher AUC stress (P<0.05), even when controlling for baseline stress.Discussion:Overweight individuals showed increased cortisol, ghrelin, stress and hunger following a laboratory stressor, and there was some evidence for greater increases in cortisol and subjective stress among NE. The greater AUC cortisol level in NE was due to higher baseline levels, but the group difference in stress was in direct response to the stressor. Our results support a role for cortisol and stress in NE.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 18 December 2012; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.166. HubMed – eating
[Co-Morbidity between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Night Eating].
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2012 Dec; 62(12): 463-8
Schwandt B, de Zwaan M, Jäger B
The core symptoms of the night eating syndrome (NES) are overeating in the evening and/or nocturnal awakenings with the ingestion of food. The aim of this study was to examine metabolic and psychopathological differences between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and with-out night eating (NE). A total of 226 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in the study. Night eating (NE), defined as the ingestion of ?25% of the daily food intake in the evening or nighttime, was reported by 28 (12.4%) of the participants. In addition, diabetes-related variables, eating and dieting behavior as well as eating-related and general psychopathology (depression, quality of life) were assessed. Compared to pa-tients without NE patients with NE showed higher HbA1c values, higher scores on the disinhibition and the perceived hunger scale, lower scores on the quality of life scale and higher depression scores.
HubMed – eating
[Sportstherapy for outpatients with eating disorders: a pilot project].
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2012 Dec; 62(12): 456-62
Schlegel S, Hafner D, Hartmann A, Fuchs R, Zeeck A
Many patients with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa (AN, BN) engage in sport and physical activity in an excessive and compulsive manner, mostly to influence weight and shape. Many of them experience guilt in case of not exercising. However, sport and physical exercise can also have a positive effect on mental illness by influencing mood, sense of self-esteem and body experience. Until now, only few programs for eating disorder patients exist which aim at changing physical activity behavior and use sport and exercise activities in a therapeutic way. We developed a sport-therapeutic program designed for outpatients with eating disorders. It supervises sport and physical exercise and helps patients to use sport and exercise in a healthy manner. This report presents the program’s manual and first experiences based on half-standardized interviews.
HubMed – eating
Eating Disorders Part 5 – WARNING! Can be Triggering to those with Eating Disorders! I do not own this (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; “Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use ©weTV 2008 Secret Lives of Women
More Eating Disorders Information…