Orbital, Subconjunctival, and Subcutaneous Emphysema After an Orbital Floor Fracture.
Orbital, subconjunctival, and subcutaneous emphysema after an orbital floor fracture.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2013; 7: 1077-9
Ababneh OH
A 16-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with the complaint of a sudden, painful left eye and proptosis after an episode of sneezing. A few hours earlier, he had sustained a blunt trauma to the left orbit as the result of a fistfight. The initial examination showed subcutaneous and subconjunctival emphysema. Visual acuity in the left eye was 20/30 (0.67), the pupils were reactive with no relative afferent pupillary defect, and there were mild limitations in levoduction and supraduction. A slit-lamp examination showed normal anterior and posterior segments with an intraocular pressure of 26 mmHg. An orbital computed tomography scan showed orbital, subconjunctival, and subcutaneous emphysema associated with a small fracture of the orbital floor. Following conservative management with broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, a topical antiglaucoma drug, and lubricating eye drops, the patient improved dramatically within one week. HubMed – drug
CGS 19755 (Selfotel): A Novel Neuroprotective Agent Against CNS Injury.
CNS Drug Rev. 1996 Sep 1; 2(3): 257-268
Pérez-Pinzón MA, Steinberg GK
The hypothesis that excitoxicity is a mechanism of damage following different types of cerebral injury including global and focal ischemia (34), and head and spinal cord trauma (6,7,9,25) has been supported by numerous findings. During ischemia for example, glutamate neurotoxicity is mediated in part through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, since selective antagonists to this receptor protect against hypoxic-ischemic injury (10,35,41). In the last few years, different NMDA antagonists have been developed and tested; they can be divided into competitive and noncompetitive antagonists. Noncompetitive NMDA antagonists are extremely lipophilic and reach high levels in the brain after systemic administration. Various studies have demonstrated that these agents provide neuroprotection against hypoxic-ischemic injury (for review see ref. 29). Many competitive NMDA antagonists are hydrophilic and require direct cerebral administration to obtain high brain levels. Newer competitive NMDA blockers, such as cis-4-phosphonomethyl-2-piperidine carboxylic acid (CGS 19755, selfotel), provide neuroprotection against global ischemia, focal ischemia, and trauma when given systemically (2,3,32,33). Selfotel is currently being studied in multicenter safety and efficacy trials for stroke (17) and head trauma (6). HubMed – drug
Pharmacogenetics of chronic pain and its treatment.
Mediators Inflamm. 2013; 2013: 864319
Sv?tlík S, Hronová K, Bakhouche H, Matoušková O, Slana? O
This paper reviews the impact of genetic variability of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and pathways involved in chronic pain perception on the efficacy and safety of analgesics and other drugs used for chronic pain treatment. Several candidate genes have been identified in the literature, while there is usually only limited clinical evidence substantiating for the penetration of the testing for these candidate biomarkers into the clinical practice. Further, the pain-perception regulation and modulation are still not fully understood, and thus more complex knowledge of genetic and epigenetic background for analgesia will be needed prior to the clinical use of the candidate genetic biomarkers. HubMed – drug