Lignosulfonic Acid Exhibits Broadly Anti-HIV-1 Activity – Potential as a Microbicide Candidate for the Prevention of HIV-1 Sexual Transmission.

Lignosulfonic Acid Exhibits Broadly Anti-HIV-1 Activity – Potential as a Microbicide Candidate for the Prevention of HIV-1 Sexual Transmission.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

PLoS One. 2012; 7(4): e35906
Qiu M, Wang Q, Chu Y, Yuan Z, Song H, Chen Z, Wu Z

Some secondary metabolites from plants show to have potent inhibitory activities against microbial pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, etc. Here we report that lignosulfonic acid (LSA), a polymeric lignin derivative, exhibits potent and broad activity against HIV-1 isolates of diverse subtypes including two North America strains and a number of Chinese clinical isolates values ranging from 21.4 to 633 nM. Distinct from other polyanions, LSA functions as an entry inhibitor with multiple targets on viral gp120 as well as on host receptor CD4 and co-receptors CCR5/CXCR4. LSA blocks viral entry as determined by time-of-drug addiction and cell-cell fusion assays. Moreover, LSA inhibits CD4-gp120 interaction by blocking the binding of antibodies specific for CD4-binding sites (CD4bs) and for the V3 loop of gp120. Similarly, LSA interacts with CCR5 and CXCR4 via its inhibition of specific anti-CCR5 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies, respectively. Interestingly, the combination of LSA with AZT and Nevirapine exhibits synergism in viral inhibition. For the purpose of microbicide development, LSA displays low in vitro cytotoxicity to human genital tract epithelial cells, does not stimulate NF-?B activation and has no significant up-regulation of IL-1?/? and IL-8 as compared with N-9. Lastly, LSA shows no adverse effect on the epithelial integrity and the junctional protein expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that LSA can be a potential candidate for tropical microbicide.
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[First investigation on some aspects of Italian physicians: a statistical study.]

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Clin Ter. 2012 Mar; 163(2): 149-153
Palmieri B, Iannitti T, Capone S, Monaco M, Cecchini L

Physicians are often under increasing pressure and have a stressful lifestyle due to the high level of responsibility that characterizes their profession. Lack of free time and poor or even absent personal relationships may lead them to suffer from anxiety, depression, drug abuse and addiction, alcoholism and, in a worst case scenario, to suicide. The project “Medico-Cura-Te-Stesso” aims at taking care of the physicians’ well-being, even if they are retired, who often underestimate the importance of their health status. Here we report the results of a survey, conducted on a sample of 251 physicians, concerning their illnesses, the drugs they use to cure themselves, prevention, overweight and its association with physical activity and diet, their artistic recreational activities and management of their free time. Clin Ter 2012; 163(2):149-153.
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Salt appetite and addiction–unholy twins?

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 May 3;
Ritz E

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