Eating Disorders: Dietary Intake and Physical Performance in Healthy Elderly Women: A 3-Year Follow-Up.

Dietary intake and physical performance in healthy elderly women: A 3-year follow-up.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Exp Gerontol. 2012 Oct 11;
Sarti S, Ruggiero E, Coin A, Toffanello ED, Perissinotto E, Miotto F, Pintore G, Inelmen EM, Manzato E, Sergi G

BACKGROUND: Aging is generally accompanied by changes in body composition, muscle mass and strength, leading to a decline in motor and functional performance. Physical activity and eating habits could be involved in modulating this paraphysiological deterioration. Aim of our study was to investigate changes in body composition, diet and physical performance in healthy, elderly females over a 3-year follow-up. METHODS: 92 healthy elderly females (70.9±4.0years) attending a twice-weekly mild fitness program were eligible for the study. They were assessed at baseline and again after 3years in terms of clinical history, diet, body composition by DEXA, resting energy expenditure, handgrip strength, knee extensor isometric/isotonic strength, and functional performance measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). RESULTS: After 3years, women had a significant decline in muscle strength (? isotonic: -1.4±4.3kg, ? isokinetic: -2.0±6.3kg, ? handgrip: -3.2±5.0kg; p<0.001) and physical performance (? walking time: 0.71±0.9s, ? walking speed: -0.25±0.35m/s; p<0.001), while their weight and body composition parameters did not change, except for a small decrease in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (-0.4±1.4kg). There was a significant drop in calorie (?:-345.7±533.1kcal/d; p<0.001) and protein intake (?:-0.14±0.23g/d; p<0.001), while resting energy expenditure remained stable. ? calorie intake correlated with the variation in 4-meter walking time (r: 0.34; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: With advancing age, physical performance declines even in healthy, fit females despite a spare of weight and body composition. This decline in physical activity could lead to a lower calorie intake, which would explain why there is no variation in body weight. HubMed – eating

 

Disruption of Cue-Potentiated Feeding in Mice with Blocked Ghrelin Signaling.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Physiol Behav. 2012 Oct 9;
Walker AK, Ibia IE, Zigman JM

The peptide hormone ghrelin regulates a variety of eating behaviors. Not only does it potently increase intake of freely-available food, but it also shifts food preference towards diets rich in fat, enhances operant responding for food rewards, and induces conditioned place preference for food rewards. Here, we postulated that ghrelin also enables cue-potentiated feeding, in which eating is enhanced upon presentation of a food-conditioned stimulus. To test this hypothesis, a novel cue-potentiated feeding protocol adapted for use in mice was designed and validated, and then the effects of pharmacologic ghrelin receptor (GHSR) antagonism and GHSR transcriptional blockade (as occurs in GHSR-null mice) were assessed. Sated C57BL/6J mice indeed demonstrated cue-potentiated intake of grain-based pellets specifically upon presentation of a positive conditioned stimulus (CS+) but not a negative conditioned stimulus (CS-). Treatment with a GHSR antagonist blocked potentiated feeding in sated C57BL/6J mice in response to the CS+. In contrast, while GHSR-null mice also lacked a potentiation of feeding specifically in response to the CS+, they displayed an enhanced intake of pellets in response to both the positive and negative conditioned stimuli. The pattern of immediate early gene expression within the basolateral amygdala — a brain region previously linked to cue-potentiated feeding — paralleled the observed behavior of these mice, suggesting uncharacteristic activation of the amygdala in response to negative conditioned stimuli in GHSR-null mice as compared to wild-type littermates. Thus, although the observed disruptions in cue-potentiated feeding are different depending upon whether GHSR activity or GHSR expression is blocked, a key role for GHSRs in establishing a specific positive cue-food association has now been established.
HubMed – eating

 

Gastric antral injections of botulinum toxin delay gastric emptying but do not reduce body weight.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Oct 9;
Topazian M, Camilleri M, Enders FT, Clain JE, Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Rajan E, Nehra V, Dierkhising RA, Collazo-Clavell ML, Talley NJ, Clark MM

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastric injections of botulinum toxin A (BTA) have been reported to delay gastric emptying, increase satiation, and reduce body weight, but there are few data from randomized, placebo-controlled studies. METHODS: We enrolled 60 obese participants in a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, concealed allocation trial to compare the effects of gastric antral injections of BTA (100 U, 300 U, or 500 U) and saline placebo. The study was conducted at an outpatient clinical research unit. Participants were given one set of injections of BTA or placebo into the gastric antral muscularis propria, using endoscopic ultrasound guidance. Gastric emptying of solids (GES) was measured by scintigraphy; we also measured body weight, satiation (maximum tolerated volume in a caloric liquid drink test), calorie intake (by food frequency questionnaire), gastrointestinal symptoms, and psychologic aspects of eating behavior (by rating scale). RESULTS: Compared with baseline values, 2 weeks after injections, the mean t1/2 for GES increased by 0.8, 14, 24, and 14 minutes among subjects given placebo, 100 U, 300 U, or 500 U of BTA, respectively (P=.24 overall, P=.04 for the group given 300 U vs placebo); 16 weeks after the injections, mean body weights were reduced by 2.2, 0.2, 2.3, and 3.0 kg in these groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean body weight change, satiation volume, caloric intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, or psychological aspects of eating behavior among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric antral injections of BTA may delay gastric emptying at a dose of 300 U, but do not cause early satiety, altered eating behaviors, or loss of body weight. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00976443.
HubMed – eating

 

Intuitive eating in young adults: Who is doing it, and how is it related to disordered eating behaviors?

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Appetite. 2012 Oct 10;
Denny KN, Loth K, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D

Intuitive eating (i.e., reliance on physiologic hunger and satiety cues to guide eating) has been proposed as a healthier, more effective, and more innate alternative to current strategies of weight management. The current study explored intuitive eating among young adults according to socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index (BMI), and examined associations between intuitive and disordered eating behaviors. Data were drawn from Project EAT-III, a population-based study of 2,287 young adults (mean age: 25.3 years). More males reported trusting their bodies to tell them how much to eat than did females. Intuitive eating was inversely associated with BMI in both genders. Males and females who reported trusting their body to tell them how much to eat had lower odds of utilizing disordered eating behaviors compared to those that did not have this trust. Females who reported that they stop eating when they are full had lower odds of chronic dieting and binge eating than those who do not stop eating when full. Overall, this study found that intuitive eating practices are inversely associated with a number of harmful outcomes. Clinicians should discuss the concept of intuitive eating with their young adult patients to promote healthier weight-related outcomes.
HubMed – eating

 


 

beat eating disorders : Sufferers – This clip, made by 5 girls for the eating disorders charity beat, is aimed at people who are suffering or are worried about someone who may have an eating disorder. We all talk openly about our experiences of having an eating disorder, our turning points and how we feel now we are recovering or recovered. We all give advice to people to help others. The clip is very meaningful to me as it represents some of my past experiences.

 

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