Responses to Environmental Smoking in Never-Smoking Children: Can Symptoms of Nicotine Addiction Develop in Response to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure?
Responses to environmental smoking in never-smoking children: can symptoms of nicotine addiction develop in response to environmental tobacco smoke exposure?
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Nov 8;
Schuck K, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Engels RC, Difranza JR
A recent line of studies has brought attention to the question whether repeated exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is capable of producing psycho-physiological effects in non-smokers and whether symptoms of nicotine dependence can develop in the absence of active smoking. Children seem to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of ETS. We examined the occurrence of psycho-behavioural symptoms, designed to assess nicotine addiction and nicotine withdrawal, in a sample of 778 never-smoking children aged 9-12 years using cross-sectional survey data collected in 15 Dutch primary schools. In the present study, 6% of never-smoking children reported symptoms of craving, 8% reported cue-triggered wanting to smoke, and 20% reported subjective symptoms in response to ETS exposure. In never-smoking children, a higher number of smokers in the child’s social environment was associated with more symptoms of cue-triggered wanting to smoke and more subjective symptoms in response to ETS. Never-smoking children and children who had initiated smoking were equally likely to report subjective symptoms in response to ETS exposure. In conclusion, environmental smoking is associated with self-reported psycho-behavioural symptoms in never-smoking children. Future research needs to investigate whether symptoms in children exposed to ETS are physiologically based or whether they reflect other characteristics which predispose youth for smoking initiation in the future.
HubMed – addiction
[The writer Rudolf ditzen [hans fallada] (1893 – 1947) as a morphine addict in the stralsund provincial sanatorium in 1921].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2012 Nov; 80(11): 644-9
Armbruster J, Freyberger HJ
The work presented here analyses the in-patient psychiatric treatment, which remained unconsidered in the relevant biographies, of Rudolf Ditzen in the Stralsund Provincial Sanatorium from 5 January to 14 February 1921 with the diagnoses of “morphine addiction” and “degenerative psychopathic constitution”. For this purpose the medical report on Ditzen, which has come to light again, was evaluated, and the treatment classified in its medical-historical context and the making of the diagnosis discussed against the background of Ditzen’s psychosocial development. In the case of a combination of diagnoses typical for the time, against the background of Ditzen’s difficult psychosocial development, which was likewise typical for its time, the result was a not entirely typical treatment for addiction under the custodial conditions of institutional psychiatry around 1920.?Ditzen’s hospitalisation with a comparatively mild type of symptoms is to be viewed against the background of a lack of extramural treatment structures. It is not certain whether Ditzen deliberately used the hospital as a space for withdrawal and protection.
HubMed – addiction
Co-morbidity is the norm, not the exception: chronic respiratory diseases in chronic drug users.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Prim Care Respir J. 2012 Nov 8;
Kim TW, Samet JH
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