Effectiveness of Attribution Retraining on Women’s Depression and Anxiety After Miscarriage.

Effectiveness of Attribution Retraining on Women’s Depression and Anxiety After Miscarriage.

Int J Prev Med. 2013 May; 4(Suppl 2): S239-44
Sharifi M, Hajiheidari M, Khorvash F, Mirabdollahi MA

Given miscarriage psychological consequences on the women health, the aim of the present study is the survey of effectiveness rate of attributive retraining interventions on women depression and anxiety reducing after miscarriage.The present study is semi-empiric and it’s made using control group, pre- and post-test execution and follow-up. Thirty-two women, who had recent experience of miscarriage, were selected among female referents to obstetricians and clinics in Esfahan city by accessible sampling and then they were placed on two groups, case and control, randomly. Case group participated in 6 weekly sessions for attributive retraining interventions and both groups completed hospital depression and anxiety questionnaire on three steps: Pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Collected data were analyzed statistically, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and variance by repeated measuring.Obtained results show that average post-test and follow-up scores of depression and anxiety in case group is less than average post-test scores in control group, significantly (P < 0.0005).The findings of this research, "Attributive Retraining Effectiveness on Women's Depression and Anxiety Reducing after Miscarriage," were confirmed. HubMed – depression

Lipid peroxidation and depressed mood in community-dwelling older men and women.

PLoS One. 2013; 8(6): e65406
Milaneschi Y, Cesari M, Simonsick EM, Vogelzangs N, Kanaya AM, Yaffe K, Patrignani P, Metti A, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Ferrucci L, Penninx BW,

It has been hypothesized that cellular damage caused by oxidative stress is associated with late-life depression but epidemiological evidence is limited. In the present study we evaluated the association between urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and depressed mood in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. Participants were selected from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, a community-based longitudinal study of older persons (aged 70-79 years). The present analyses was based on a subsample of 1027 men and 948 women free of mobility disability. Urinary concentration of 8-iso-PGF2? was measured by radioimmunoassay methods and adjusted for urinary creatinine. Depressed mood was defined as a score greater than 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and/or use of antidepressant medications. Depressed mood was present in 3.0% of men and 5.5% of women. Depressed men presented higher urinary concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2? than non-depressed men even after adjustment for multiple sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors (p?=?0.03, Cohen’s d?=?0.30). This association was not present in women (depressed status-by-sex interaction p?=?0.04). Our study showed that oxidative damage may be linked to depression in older men from a large sample of the general population. Further studies are needed to explore whether the modulation of oxidative stress may break down the link between late-life depression and its deleterious health consequences. HubMed – depression

Blood dendritic cell frequency declines in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and is associated with motor symptom severity.

PLoS One. 2013; 8(6): e65352
Ciaramella A, Salani F, Bizzoni F, Pontieri FE, Stefani A, Pierantozzi M, Assogna F, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Bossù P

The role of inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is well appreciated, but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our objective was to determine whether dendritic cells (DC), a unique type of migratory immune cells that regulate immunological response and inflammation have an impact on PD. In a case-control study including 80 PD patients and 80 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects, the two main blood subsets of plasmacytoid and myeloid DC were defined by flow cytometry analysis. Clinical evaluation of subjects consisting of cognition and depression assessment was performed using the Mini Mental State Examination and the Beck Depression Inventory. The severity of motor symptoms was measured using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Part III. Comparison between patient and control DC measures and their relationships with clinical assessments were evaluated.The following main results were obtained: 1) the level of circulating DC (mainly the myeloid subset) was significantly reduced in PD patients in comparison with healthy controls; 2) after controlling for depressive and cognitive characteristics, the frequency of myeloid DC was confirmed as one of the independent determinants of PD; 3) the number of both myeloid and plasmacytoid DC was negatively associated with motor symptom severity. Overall, the decline of blood DC, perhaps due to the recruitment of immune cells to the site of disease-specific lesions, can be considered a clue of the immune alteration that characterizes PD, suggesting innovative exploitations of DC monitoring as a clinically significant tool for PD treatment. Indeed, this study suggests that reduced peripheral blood DC are a pathologically-relevant factor of PD and also displays the urgency to better understand DC role in PD for unraveling the immune system contribution to disease progression and thus favoring the development of innovative therapies ideally based on immunomodulation. HubMed – depression

Childhood psychological problems in school settings in rural southern Africa.

PLoS One. 2013; 8(6): e65041
Cortina MA, Fazel M, Hlungwani TM, Kahn K, Tollman S, Cortina-Borja M, Stein A

Many children can be exposed to multiple adversities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) placing them at potential risk of psychological problems. However, there is a paucity of research using large representative cohorts examining the psychological adjustment of children in school settings in these countries. Children’s psychological adjustment has been shown to affect educational progress which is critical for their future. This study, based in a rural, socio-economically disadvantaged area of South Africa, aimed to examine the prevalence of children’s psychological problems as well as possible risk and protective factors.Rates of psychological problems in 10-12 year olds were examined using teacher- and child-report questionnaires. Data on children from 10 rural primary schools, selected by stratified random sampling, were linked to individual and household data from the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system collected from households over 15 years.A total of 1,025 children were assessed. Teachers identified high levels of behavioural and emotional problems (41%). Children reported lower, but substantial rates of anxiety/depression (14%), and significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (24%); almost a quarter felt unsafe in school. Risk factors included being a second-generation former refugee and being from a large household. Protective factors highlight the importance of maternal factors, such as being more educated and in a stable partnership.The high levels of psychological problems identified by teachers are a serious public health concern, as they are likely to impact negatively on children’s education, particularly given the large class sizes and limited resources in rural LMIC settings. Despite the high levels of risk, a proportion of children were managing well and research to understand resilience could inform interventions. HubMed – depression

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