Care-Seeking Pattern Among Persons With Depression and Anxiety: A Population-Based Study in Sweden.
Care-Seeking Pattern among Persons with Depression and Anxiety: A Population-Based Study in Sweden.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Int J Family Med. 2012; 2012: 895425
Wallerblad A, Möller J, Forsell Y
Background. In primary care, a vast majority of patients affected with depression and anxiety present with somatic symptoms. Detection rate of psychiatric symptoms is low, and knowledge of factors influencing care seeking in persons affected by depressive and anxiety disorders on a population level is limited. Objective. This study aims to describe if persons, affected by depression and anxiety disorders, seek care and which type of care they seek as well as factors associated with care seeking. Method. Data derives from a longitudinal population-based study of mental health conducted in the Stockholm County in 1998-2010 and the present study includes 8387 subjects. Definitions of anxiety and depressive disorders were made according to DSM-IV criteria, including research criteria, using validated diagnostic scales. 2026 persons (24%) fulfilled the criteria for any depressive or anxiety disorder. Results. Forty-seven percent of those affected by depression and/or anxiety had been seeking care for psychological symptoms within the last year. A major finding was that seeking care for psychological symptoms was associated with having treatment for somatic problems. Conclusions. As a general practitioner, it is of great importance to increase awareness of mild mental illness, especially among groups that might be less expected to be affected.
HubMed – depression
Does Death of a Family Member Moderate the Relationship between Religious Attendance and Depressive Symptoms? The HUNT Study, Norway.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Depress Res Treat. 2012; 2012: 396347
Sørensen T, Danbolt LJ, Holmen J, Koenig HG, Lien L
Background. The death of a family member is a stressful life event and can result in an increased level of depressive symptoms. Previous American research has shown inverse relationships between religious involvement and depression. European investigations are few and findings inconsistent; different contexts may have an important influence on findings. We therefore investigated the relationship between attendance at church/prayer house and depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship was moderated by the death of a close family member, in Norway. Methods. A population-based sample from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway (HUNT 3, N = 37,981), was the population examined. Multiple regression and interaction tests were utilised. Results. Religious attendees had lower scores on depressive symptoms than non-attendees; death of a close family member moderated this relationship. The inverse relationships between attendance at church/prayer house and depressive symptoms were greater among those experiencing the death of an immediate family member in the last twelve months compared to those without such an experience, with men’s decrease of depressive symptoms more pronounced than women’s. Conclusion. In a population-based study in Norway, attendance at church/prayer house was associated with lower depressive symptoms, and the death of a close relative and gender moderated this relationship.
HubMed – depression
An integrated neural model of semantic memory, lexical retrieval and category formation, based on a distributed feature representation.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Cogn Neurodyn. 2011 Jun; 5(2): 183-207
Ursino M, Cuppini C, Magosso E
This work presents a connectionist model of the semantic-lexical system. Model assumes that the lexical and semantic aspects of language are memorized in two distinct stores, and are then linked together on the basis of previous experience, using physiological learning mechanisms. Particular characteristics of the model are: (1) the semantic aspects of an object are described by a collection of features, whose number may vary between objects. (2) Individual features are topologically organized to implement a similarity principle. (3) Gamma-band synchronization is used to segment different objects simultaneously. (4) The model is able to simulate the formation of categories, assuming that objects belong to the same category if they share some features. (5) Homosynaptic potentiation and homosynaptic depression are used within the semantic network, to create an asymmetric pattern of synapses; this allows a different role to be assigned to shared and distinctive features during object reconstruction. (6) Features which frequently occurred together, and the corresponding word-forms, become linked via reciprocal excitatory synapses. (7) Features in the semantic network tend to inhibit words not associated with them during the previous learning phase. Simulations show that, after learning, presentation of a cue can evoke the overall object and the corresponding word in the lexical area. Word presentation, in turn, activates the corresponding features in the sensory-motor areas, recreating the same conditions occurred during learning, according to a grounded cognition viewpoint. Several words and their conceptual description can coexist in the lexical-semantic system exploiting gamma-band time division. Schematic exempla are shown, to illustrate the possibility to distinguish between words representing a category, and words representing individual members and to evaluate the role of gamma-band synchronization in priming. Finally, the model is used to simulate patients with focalized lesions, assuming a damage of synaptic strength in specific feature areas. Results are critically discussed in view of future model extensions and application to real objects. The model represents an original effort to incorporate many basic ideas, found in recent conceptual theories, within a single quantitative scaffold.
HubMed – depression
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