Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Macronutrient Intake.
Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Macronutrient Intake.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2012 Nov 27; 5(6): 305-313
Caruso MG, Gazzerro P, Notarnicola M, Cisternino AM, Guerra V, Misciagna G, Laezza C, Bifulco M
Background: Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1-R) is a key mediator in the control of food intake and is linked to obesity. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between CB1-R gene polymorphism and dietary macronutrient intake in elderly subjects. Methods: This study included 118 subjects (60 males, 58 females) from a population survey carried out in southern Italy in 1992-1993 who were older than 65 years and previously characterized for CB1-R polymorphism (75 with GG wild-type genotype, 41 with heterozygous polymorphic allele AG, and 2 with genotype AA). All subjects completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Statistical methods included multiple logistic regression to model macronutrient intake to genotype, controlling for potential confounders. Results: When controlled for age, gender, and body mass index, the intake of dietary cholesterol and saturated fats corrected for calories was inversely associated with the CB1-R 1359 G/A polymorphism, while the intake of starchy carbohydrates was directly associated with this polymorphism. Conclusion: In our unselected elderly population, the 1359 G/A polymorphism is linked with a specific macronutrient intake. This could be explained by the role of the cannabinoid system as a determinant of food intake and eating behavior.
HubMed – eating
Small changes in meal patterns lead to significant changes in total caloric intake: Effects of diet and social status on food intake in female rhesus monkeys.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Appetite. 2012 Nov 30;
Moore CJ, Lowe J, Michopoulos V, Ulam P, Toufexis D, Wilson ME, Johnson Z
Social subordination in macaques is a well-established model to study the adverse effects of psychosocial stress on a number of health outcomes, including stress-induced eating. The present analysis was conducted to empirically define a meal among free-feeding female rhesus monkeys and to examine the roles of meal patterning (e.g., meal size, meal frequency, and snacking patterns) in findings from a previous study demonstrating that psychosocial stress increases overall caloric intake among subordinate animals with access to a highly palatable diet. Results indicate that all animals, regardless of social status, consumed more frequent meals, larger meals, and more calories in the form of snacks when a highly palatable diet was available. Additional findings suggest that subordinate animals consumed significantly larger meals compared to their dominant counterparts regardless of the dietary environment. Additionally, subordinate females with a history of exposure to the palatable diet consumed significantly more snack calories than both dominant and subordinate animals without previous exposure to the palatable diet when these females were returned to a standard laboratory diet. These findings illustrate how small changes in meal patterns can lead to significant increases in total caloric intake, which if prolonged, could promote the emergence of an obese phenotype.
HubMed – eating
Predictors of parental perceptions and concerns about child weight.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Appetite. 2012 Nov 30;
Keller KL, Olsen A, Kuilema L, Meyermann K, van Belle C
Appropriate levels of parental perception and concern about child weight are important components of successful obesity treatment, but the factors that contribute to these attitudes need clarification. The aim of this study was to identify child and parent characteristics that best predict parental perceptions and concerns about child weight. A cross-sectional design was used to assess characteristics of parents (e.g. age, income, and feeding attitudes) and children (e.g. body composition, ad libitum intake, and reported physical activity). Results are reported for 75, 4-6 year-olds from diverse ethnicities. Perceived child weight and concern were measured with the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Multiple linear regression was used to identify the best models for perceived child weight and concern. For perceived child weight, the best model included parent age, children’s laboratory intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and palatable buffet items, and two measures of child body composition (ratio of trunk fat-to-total fat and ratio of leg fat-to-total fat). For concern, child android/gynoid fat ratio explained the largest amount of variance, followed by restrictive feeding and SSB intake. Parental perceptions and concerns about child weight are best explained by models that account for children’s eating behavior and body fat distribution.
HubMed – eating
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