Evaluation of Metronidazole Nanofibers in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Study.
Evaluation of metronidazole nanofibers in patients with chronic periodontitis: A clinical study.
Int J Pharm Investig. 2012 Oct; 2(4): 213-7
Chaturvedi TP, Srivastava R, Srivastava AK, Gupta V, Verma PK
Prevention of periodontal disease progression is the primary goal of periodontal therapy. When conventional therapy is found to be inadequate in achieving periodontal health in chronic periodontitis, local antimicrobial agents are used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), which produces encouraging results. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop a low-dose controlled-release delivery system for the treatment of periodontal infections. A new sustained release drug system of poly e-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers containing metronidazole (MET) was successfully electrospun and evaluated clinically for periodontal diseases. The retentive nanofibres were shown to provide a controlled delivery of the drugs.Nanofibers were prepared with MET in PCL by electrospinning technique. The drug-coated nanofibers provided sustained effect up to a period of 11 days (264 h) and followed first-order release. Forty sites in seven patients (four females and three males) with chronic periodontitis (5-8 mm probing depth) were allocated in two experimental treatment groups: Group A treated with SRP + MET nanofibers and Group B treated with SRP alone (control group). All these patients were evaluated clinically for probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI).Both the treatment groups were found to be efficacious in the treatment of periodontal disease as demonstrated by improvement in PD, PI, and GI.Combination of SRP + MET nanofibers (Group A) resulted in added benefits, compared to the control group. HubMed – drug
Development of time controlled chronomodulated tablet with swelling and rupturable layers: Optimization of factors influencing lag-time and drug release.
Int J Pharm Investig. 2012 Oct; 2(4): 208-12
Desai M, Jivani RR, Patel LD, Jivani NP, Sonagara B
A tablet system consisting of cores coated with two layers of swelling and rupturable coatings was prepared and evaluated as time controlled chronomodulated tablet.Cores containing Montelukast sodium as model drug were prepared by direct compression and then coated sequentially with an inner swelling layer containing a HPMC E 5 and an outer rupturable layer of Eudragit RL/RS (1:1). A three-factor, two-level, full factorial design was used to investigate the influence of amount of HPMC E 5 and Eudragit RL/RS (1:1) on the responses, i.e., lag time to release and time required for 80% of drug to releases. The dissolution tests were studied using the USP paddle method at 50 rpm in 0.1 N HCL for 2 hr and than in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.Cores containing Montelukast sodium as model drug were prepared by direct compression and then coated sequentially with an inner swelling layer containing a HPMC E 5 and an outer rupturable layer of Eudragit RL/RS (1:1). A three-factor, two-level, full factorial design was used to investigate the influence of amount of HPMC E 5 and Eudragit RL/RS (1:1) on the responses, i.e., lag time to release and time required for 80% of drug to releases. The dissolution tests were studied using the USP paddle method at 50 rpm in 0.1 N HCL for 2 hr and than in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.The lag time of the drug release decreased by increasing the inner swelling layer and increased by increasing the rupturing layer level.The results obtain from present study suggest that swelling come reputable coating approach gives desire drug release after lag time. HubMed – drug
Formulation and evaluation of Ketoconazole niosomal gel drug delivery system.
Int J Pharm Investig. 2012 Oct; 2(4): 201-7
Shirsand S, Para M, Nagendrakumar D, Kanani K, Keerthy D
Niosomes play an increasingly important role in drug delivery as they can reduce toxicity and modify pharmacokinetic and bio-availability. Topically applied niosomes can increase the residence time of drugs in the stratum corneum and epidermis, while reducing the systemic absorption of the drug. It can act as drug containing reservoirs and the modification of the vesicular compositions or surface properties can adjust the drug release rate and the affinity for the target site. Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum Imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections.In order to improve the low skin penetration and to minimize the side effects associated with topical conventional drug administration, Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by a thin film hydration method using different ratios of non-ionic surfactants (Span 40, 60 and Tween 60) along with cholesterol (CHO). The formulations were evaluated for size, shape, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release.Niosomes appeared spherical in shape and size range was found to be 4.86 ± 1.24-7.38 ± 3.64 ?m. The entrapment efficiency was found in the range of 55.14 ± 2.29-78.63 ± 0.91% and in vitro drug release in the range of 46.63 ± 0.95-72.37 ± 0.59% in 24 h. Ketoconazole niosomes formulated with Span 60 and CHO in the ratio of 1:0.2 were found to be promising and were incorporated into 1% Carbopol gel. The formulated gel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and antifungal activity. The in vitro drug release study was carried out using phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 and was found to be 36.18 ± 1.50% in 12 h.Gel formulation containing niosomes loaded with Ketoconazole showed prolonged action than formulations containing Ketoconazole in non-niosomal form and it can be developed successfully to improve the antifungal activity. HubMed – drug