Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders in Elite Professional Female Ballet Dancers.
Body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders in elite professional female ballet dancers.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Aug; 24(3): 191-4
Nascimento AL, Luna JV, Fontenelle LF
Our objective is to report the prevalence and the clinical features associated with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders (ED) in a group of elite Brazilian professional female ballet dancers.Thirty-five elite Brazilian professional female ballet dancers were invited to participate in the study and 19 agreed to be assessed. Individuals were evaluated with a series of instruments, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview supplemented by the somatoform and eating disorders modules of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, and the Beck Depression Inventory.Three dancers (15.78%) had a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (restrictive subtype) and 2 others (10.52%) presented a current diagnosis of BDD. No individuals had current or lifetime bulimia nervosa. Results could not be ascribed to comorbid major depression or increased severity of depression.The lifetime prevalence of BDD and ED among elite professional female ballet dancers was higher than the general population. High standards of beauty, public body exposure, and repeated exposure to mirrors in the rehearsal rooms may contribute to the development of body image disorders in this sample.
HubMed – eating
The effectiveness of selected feed and water additives for reducing Salmonella spp. of public health importance in broiler chickens: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression approach.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Prev Vet Med. 2012 Aug 1;
Totton SC, Farrar AM, Wilkins W, Bucher O, Waddell LA, Wilhelm BJ, McEwen SA, Raji? A
Eating inappropriately prepared poultry meat is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis. Our objectives were to determine the efficacy of feed and water additives (other than competitive exclusion and antimicrobials) on reducing Salmonella prevalence or concentration in broiler chickens using systematic review-meta-analysis and to explore sources of heterogeneity found in the meta-analysis through meta-regression. Six electronic databases were searched (Current Contents (1999-2009), Agricola (1924-2009), MEDLINE (1860-2009), Scopus (1960-2009), Centre for Agricultural Bioscience (CAB) (1913-2009), and CAB Global Health (1971-2009)), five topic experts were contacted, and the bibliographies of review articles and a topic-relevant textbook were manually searched to identify all relevant research. Study inclusion criteria comprised: English-language primary research investigating the effects of feed and water additives on the Salmonella prevalence or concentration in broiler chickens. Data extraction and study methodological assessment were conducted by two reviewers independently using pretested forms. Seventy challenge studies (n=910 unique treatment-control comparisons), seven controlled studies (n=154), and one quasi-experiment (n=1) met the inclusion criteria. Compared to an assumed control group prevalence of 44 of 1000 broilers, random-effects meta-analysis indicated that the Salmonella cecal colonization in groups with prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide, lactose, whey, dried milk, lactulose, lactosucrose, sucrose, maltose, mannanoligosaccharide) added to feed or water was 15 out of 1000 broilers; with lactose added to feed or water it was 10 out of 1000 broilers; with experimental chlorate product (ECP) added to feed or water it was 21 out of 1000. For ECP the concentration of Salmonella in the ceca was decreased by 0.61log(10)cfu/g in the treated group compared to the control group. Significant heterogeneity (Cochran’s Q-statistic p?0.10) was observed among studies examining all organic acids (controlled or challenge experiments), butyric acid, formic acid, a formic/propionic acid mixture, fermented liquid feed, and D-mannose. Meta-regressions were conducted to examine the source of heterogeneity among studies. For prevalence outcomes, 36% and 60% of the total variance was within and between studies, respectively. For concentration outcomes, 39% and 33% of the total variance was within and between studies, respectively. Inadequate blinding and randomization was common, and no studies undergoing meta-analysis or meta-regression were conducted on a commercial farm. The strength of evidence of the effect of these additives was very low. Studies conducted under commercial conditions are needed to understand the potential benefit of these interventions for the poultry industry and to improve the strength of evidence of the effectiveness of these additives.
HubMed – eating
Olfactory function and alternation learning in eating disorders.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012 Jul 31;
Stein D, Gross-Isseroff R, Besserglick R, Ziv A, Mayer G, Yaroslavsky A, Toledano A, Voet H, Weizman A, Hermesh H
Orbitofrontal dysfunction is a prominent feature of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In the present study we assessed orbitofrontal functioning in eating disorders (EDs) which share many features with OCD. For this purpose we studied female adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa restricting type (n=40), anorexia nervosa binge/purge type (n=23), a normal weight group including patients with either bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified-purging type (n=33), and 20 non-ED control females. Patients were assessed at admission, and when achieving weight restoration and symptom stabilization at discharge, for depression, non-ED, and ED-related OC symptoms. Orbitofrontal functioning was assessed with an alternation learning task, and with a battery assessing olfactory threshold and discrimination. Control females were assessed once. ED patients of all subtypes performed better on olfactory threshold and discrimination, but not on alternation learning, in comparison to healthy controls. More favorable orbitofrontal functioning was associated with greater ED-related obsessionality. No changes were found in olfactory threshold and discrimination between acutely-ill and symptomatically-stabilized patients. The improvement shown in alternation learning from admission to discharge was suggested to reflect a learning effect rather than being an actual change. Our findings suggest that the better orbitofrontal functioning of ED patients in comparison to healthy controls may represent a core feature of the ED that is independent of malnutrition and deranged eating behaviors, but is associated with ED-related obsessionality.
HubMed – eating
Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment effects on weight, bone density, bone metabolism and mood in women suffering from anorexia nervosa-a pilot study.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Jul 31;
Bloch M, Ish-Shalom S, Greenman Y, Klein E, Latzer Y
We investigated the effects of the administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on weight, bone metabolism, bone density and clinical mood symptoms in outpatient Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients. AN patients (n=26) were double-blindly randomized to receive DHEA (100mg) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome measures were bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and metabolism indexes, steroid hormones, and mood and eating disorder symptoms measured at baseline and at the 3 and 6 months follow-up visits. Mood and eating disorder symptoms were assessed monthly by the Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Disorder Inventory and Clinical Global Improvement Scales. No treatment or treatment by time interaction was observed for any bone density measures. Deoxypiridinolyne (DPD) was positively correlated with weight (P=0.02). An increase in body mass index (BMI) in the DHEA group was significantly higher at 4 months compared to the control group (P=0.05). Improvement of mood was significantly correlated with weight only in the DHEA group. Despite a significant decrease in DPD, no improvement in bone mineral density was detected. However, patients treated with DHEA benefited from a significant increase in BMI, which was positively correlated with improvement in mood.
HubMed – eating
Elgin man's battle with eating disorder sheds light, breaks stereotypes
Filed under: Eating Disorders
While anorexia, bulimia and other eating disorders are potentially lethal — up to 5 percent of those suffering from them die from suicide, substance abuse or medical issues, according to a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry — they …
Read more on Chicago Tribune
Man's battle with eating disorder sheds light, breaks stereotypes
Filed under: Eating Disorders
While anorexia, bulimia and other eating disorders are potentially lethal — up to 5 percent of those suffering from them die from suicide, substance abuse or medical issues, according to a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry — they …
Read more on The Republic
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