Agomelatine Reduces Craving in Benzodiazepine Addicts: A Follow-Up Examination of Three Patients.
Agomelatine reduces craving in benzodiazepine addicts: a follow-up examination of three patients.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Singapore Med J. 2012 Nov; 53(11): e228-30
Müller H, Seifert F, Maler JM, Kornhuber J, Sperling W
The treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal is difficult, and the search continues for substances that can reduce craving and the risk of relapse. Here, we report three cases of benzodiazepine addicts with histories of unsuccessful withdrawal attempts who experienced marked reductions in craving and improved relapse prognoses under add-on administration of agomelatine. These cases demonstrate a possible area of use for the antidepressant agomelatine in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal and addiction. The extent to which this effect is due to the anti-craving effects of agomelatine, or its profile of receptor activation, should be further investigated in larger clinical and experimental studies.
HubMed – addiction
Impulsive action in the 5-choice serial reaction time test in 5-HT(2C) receptor null mutant mice.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Nov 29;
Fletcher PJ, Soko AD, Higgins GA
RATIONALE: Depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT) results in impulsive behaviour as measured by increased premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) test. Acute selective blockade of 5-HT(2C) receptors also increases this form of impulsive action, whereas 5-HT(2C) receptor stimulation reduces premature responding. OBJECTIVES: These experiments determined the impact of genetic disruption of 5-HT(2C) receptor function on impulsive responding in the 5-CSRT test. METHODS: Food-restricted 5-HT(2C) receptor null mutant and wild-type (WT) mice were trained on the 5-CSRT test in which subjects detect and correctly respond to brief light stimuli for food reinforcement. Impulsivity is measured as premature responses that occur prior to stimulus presentation. RESULTS: Both lines of mice quickly learned this task, but there were no genotype differences in premature responding or any other aspect of performance. A series of drug challenges were then given. The 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist Ro60-0175 (0.6 mg/kg) reduced premature responding in WT mice but not mutant mice. The 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242084 increased premature responding in WT mice only. Cocaine increased premature responding at 7.5 mg/kg but not at a higher dose that disrupted overall responding; these effects were observed in both lines of mice. Amphetamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) did not affect premature responding, but disrupted other aspects of performance in both genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic deletion of 5-HT(2C) receptor function does not induce an impulsive state or exacerbate that state induced by psychomotor stimulants but does prevent the acute effects of 5-HT(2C) receptor stimulation or blockade on impulsive action.
HubMed – addiction
Preconceptional motivational interviewing interventions to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Nov 26;
Ingersoll KS, Ceperich SD, Hettema JE, Farrell-Carnahan L, Penberthy JK
Alcohol exposed pregnancy (AEP) is a leading cause of preventable birth defects. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that multi-session motivational interviewing-based interventions reduce AEP risk, a one-session intervention could facilitate broader implementation. The purposes of this study were to: (1) test a one-session motivational AEP prevention intervention for community women and (2) compare outcomes to previous RCTs. Participants at risk for AEP (N=217) were randomized to motivational interviewing+assessment feedback (EARLY), informational video, or informational brochure conditions. Outcomes were drinks per drinking day (DDD), ineffective contraception rate, and AEP risk at 3 and 6months. All interventions were associated with decreased DDD, ineffective contraception rate, and AEP risk. Participants who received EARLY had larger absolute risk reductions in ineffective contraception and AEP risk, but not DDD. Effect sizes were compared to previous RCTs. The one-session EARLY intervention had less powerful effects than multi-session AEP prevention interventions among community women, but may provide a new option in a continuum of preventive care.
HubMed – addiction
Detection of the plasmid-encoded fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 in Escherichia coli of food-animal origin.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Nov 28;
Hou J, Yang X, Zeng Z, Lv L, Yang T, Lin D, Liu JH
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance genes among Escherichia coli from food animals in China. METHODS: A total of 892 E. coli isolates collected from individual pigs (n?=?368), chickens (n?=?196), ducks (n?=?261), geese (n?=?35), pigeons (n?=?20) and partridges (n?=?12) in Guangdong Province during 2002-08 were screened for the presence of fosA3, fosA and fosC2 by PCR amplification and sequencing. The clonal relationship of fosA3-positive isolates, plasmid content and other associated resistance genes were also characterized. RESULTS: Twelve (1.3%) E. coli isolates showed resistance to fosfomycin and 10 (1.1%) isolates (4 from pigs, 2 from chickens, 2 from ducks, 1 from a goose and 1 from a pigeon) were positive for fosA3. None of the E. coli isolates was positive for fosA or fosC2. All of the isolates carrying fosA3 were CTX-M producers, and three of them carried rmtB. Most of the fosA3-harbouring isolates were found to be clonally unrelated. The fosA3 genes were flanked by IS26. Two fosA3 genes co-localized with rmtB and bla(CTX-M-65) on indistinguishable F33:A-:B- plasmids that carried three addiction systems (pemI/pemK, hok/mok/sok and srnB). Four, one and one fosA3 genes were found to be associated with IncN (ST8 type), IncI1 and F2:A-:B- plasmids, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We discovered that fosA3 is always associated with bla(CTX-M), which facilitates its quick dispersal. The emergence of fosA3 in food animals could impact on human medicine by the potential transfer of resistance through the food chain.
HubMed – addiction
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