The Expanding World of Tissue Engineering: The Building Blocks and New Applications of Tissue Engineered Constructs.
The Expanding World of Tissue Engineering: The Building Blocks and New Applications of Tissue Engineered Constructs.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2012 Dec 20;
Zorlutuna P, Vrana N, Khademhosseini A
The field of tissue engineering has been growing in the recent years as more products have made it to the market and as new uses for the engineered tissues have emerged, motivating many researchers to engage in this multidisciplinary field of research. Engineered tissues are now not only considered as end products for regenerative medicine, but also have emerged as enabling technologies for other fields of research ranging from drug discovery to biorobotics. This widespread use necessitates a variety of methodologies for production of tissue engineered constructs. In this review, these methods together with their non-clinical applications will be described. First, we will focus on novel materials used in tissue engineering scaffolds; such as recombinant proteins and synthetic, self assembling polypeptides. The recent advances in the modular tissue engineering area will be discussed. Then scaffold-free production methods, based on either cell sheets or cell aggregates will be described. Cell sources used in tissue engineering and new methods that provide improved control over cell behavior such as pathway engineering and biomimetic microenvironments for directing cell differentiation will be discussed. Finally, we will summarize the emerging uses of engineered constructs such as model tissues for drug discovery, cancer research and biorobotics applications.
HubMed – drug
Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Formulated with Olive Oil, Hydrogenated Palm Oil and Polysorbate 80.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 2012 Dec 20;
How CW, Abdullah R, Abbasalipourkabir R
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of solid and liquid lipids, and surfactants are potentially good colloidal drug carriers. Before NLC can be used as drug carriers, the cytotoxicity of their components must be ascertained. The cytotoxicity of solid lipids (trilaurin, palmitin, docosanoid acid and hydrogenated palm oil [HPO]) and surfactants (Polysorbate 20, 80 and 85) were determined on BALB/c 32 3T3 cells. The HPO and Polysorbate 80 were least cytotoxic and used with olive oil in the formulation of NLC. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, specific surface area and crystallinity index of the NLC were 61.14 nm, 0.461, -25.4 mV and 49.07 m2 and 27.12% respectively, while the melting point was 4.3 °C lower than of 36 HPO. Unlike in serum-free, NLC incubated in fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium did not show particle growth, suggesting that serum proteins in medium 38 inhibit nanoparticles aggregation. The study also showed that NLC was less toxic to BALB/c 3T3 cells than Polysorbate 80. Thus, NLC with olive oil, HPO and 40 Polysorbate 80 as components are potentially good drug carriers with minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells.
HubMed – drug
A New Strategy for Model Order Identification and Its Application to Transfer Entropy for EEG Signals Analysis.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2012 Dec 19;
Yang C, Le Bouquin Jeannes R, Bellanger J, Shu H
The background objective of this work is to analyze electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded with depth electrodes during seizures in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Usually, different phases are observed during the seizure evolution, including a fast onset activity. We aim to ascertain how cerebral structures get involved during this phase, in particular whether some structures drive other ones. Regarding a recent theoretical information measure, namely the Transfer Entropy (TE), we propose two criteria, the first one based on Akaike’s information criterion, the second on the Bayesian information criterion, to derive models’ orders that constitute crucial parameters in the TE estimation. A normalized index, named PTE, allows for quantifying the contribution or the influence of a signal to the global information flow between a pair of signals. Experiments are first conducted on linear autoregressive models, then on a physiology-based model, and finally on real intracerebral EEG epileptic signals to detect and identify directions of causal interdependence. Results support the relevance of the new measures for characterizing the information flow propagation whatever unidirectional or bidirectional interactions.
HubMed – drug
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