[Relapse in Cocaine Addiction: A Review].

[Relapse in cocaine addiction: a review].

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Adicciones. 2012; 24(3): 269-79
Sánchez-Hervás E, Llorente Del Pozo JM

Relapse remains a common problem in disorders related to cocaine use. The aim of this paper is to review recent research data on the variables and factors related to relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals. We carried out a systematic search for studies including variables related to cocaine use in some of the most important national and international databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, IME and ISOC. To locate the latest research data, the search covered the period January 2000 to July 2011. Many and varied factors and variables identified with some predictive power were identified, notably psychosocial problems, negative emotional states, anxiety, self-efficacy, psychopathological comorbidity, addictive severity, and several variables related to the treatment process. Knowledge about the relapse process has increased considerably in recent years, but although the influence of certain factors on relapse in cocaine use now seems clear, specific research is still s carce and inconclusive.
HubMed – addiction

 

[Changes in core beliefs associated with addiction among substance-dependent patients with vs. without comorbid personality disorders].

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Adicciones. 2012; 24(3): 229-37
Martínez González JM, Verdejo García A

The aims of this study were: 1) To evaluate the predictive ability of cognitive beliefs about craving and alcohol use during treatment; and 2) To examine the course of cognitive beliefs, over a nine-month follow-up, as a function of comorbidity with personality disorders (PDs). Participants in the study were sixty-five alcohol-dependent patients initiating treatment at the Provincial Drug-Dependence Centre in Granada (Spain), 56.4% of whom had comorbid personality disorder. We administered the ?Questionnaire on beliefs related to addiction and craving?, taking number of alcohol-use episodes during treatment and degree of psychological adjustment as outcome variables. We used linear regression models to analyze the relation between questionnaire items and outcome variables, and related-samples t-tests to examine the course of beliefs throughout the follow-up. Results indicate that it is feasible to reliably measure a range of dysfunctional beliefs associated with addiction, that the degree of identification with these beliefs significantly predicts craving and alcohol use during treatment, and that the course of identification with these beliefs is considerably more irregular in alcohol-dependent individuals with comorbid PDs.
HubMed – addiction

 

Subtypes of adolescents with substance use disorders and psychiatric comorbidity using cluster and discriminant analysis of MMPI-A profiles.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Adicciones. 2012; 24(3): 219-227
Magallón-Neri E, Díaz R, Forns M, Goti J, Canalda G, Castro-Fornieles J

The main aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous results on subtypes of adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD), according to their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for adolescents (MMPI-A) profiles. Sixty patients with SUD and psychiatric comorbidity (41.7% male, mean age = 15.9 years old) completed the MMPI-A, the Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and were interviewed in order to determine DSMIV diagnoses and level of substance use. Mean MMPI-A personality profile showed moderate peaks in Psychopathic Deviate, Depression and Hysteria scales. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four profiles (acting-out, 35% of the sample; disorganized-conflictive, 15%; normative-impulsive, 15%; and deceptive-concealed, 35%). External correlates were found between cluster 1, CBCL externalizing symptoms at a clinical level and conduct disorders, and between cluster 2 and mixed CBCL internalized/externalized symptoms at a clinical level. Discriminant analysis showed that Depression, Psychopathic Deviate and Psychasthenia MMPI-A scales correctly classified 90% of the patients into the clusters obtained.
HubMed – addiction

 

Human enhancement drugs and the pursuit of perfection.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Adicciones. 2012; 24(3): 185-190
McVeigh J, Evans-Brown M, Bellis MA

The emerging threat to public health posed by the use of human enhancement drugs has remained largely unrecognised. In attempts to become stronger, happier or smarter, or to look thinner, younger or more beautiful, people are turning to a diverse range of pharmaceuticals. The widespread availability of drugs with the potential to improve human attributes, appearance and abilities has generated a new and growing audience of users. Unlike users of drugs such as heroin, cocaine etc, users of human enhancement drugs do not necessarily perceive themselves as ?drug users?. Those attracted to these drugs may have little or no knowledge or understanding of the physical or psychological harm associated with these substances or their potential for addiction. In addition to the potent effects of many human enhancement drugs, there are considerable risks associated to the clandestine nature of the market. The growing number of untested, banned or adulterated drugs and the lack of safeguards and quality assurance in the illicit manufacturing process has resulted in serious harms and fatalities. The ease with which pharmaceuticals can be manufactured and distributed, combined with the significant profits that can be made from the illicit market, has resulted in a growing challenge for policy makers and health systems in many countries. This editorial aims to raise awareness of this emerging drugs situation and provide a brief overview of some of the drugs and their associated risks.
HubMed – addiction

 


 

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