Public Opinion on Imposing Restrictions to People With an Alcohol- or Drug Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Public opinion on imposing restrictions to people with an alcohol- or drug addiction: a cross-sectional survey.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 May 9;
van Boekel LC, Brouwers EP, van Weeghel J, Garretsen HF
PURPOSE: Alcohol- and drug addiction tends to evoke disapproval and rejection among people. This study provides insight into the origin of people’s negative attitudes towards these people. Corrigan’s attribution model is used to examine intentions of the Dutch public to impose restrictions to people who are addicted to alcohol or illicit drugs. METHODS: Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey among a representative panel of the Dutch population (N = 2,793). Path analyses were conducted to test the influence of attribution beliefs, emotional responses and familiarity with addictions on people’s intentions to impose restrictions to these people. RESULTS: More than half of the respondents agreed with imposing restrictions to someone with an addiction such as excluding from taking public office or forbid to care for children. Corrigan’s attribution model was partially applicable to explain people’s intentions to impose restrictions, since only a rather small percentage of the variance in people’s intentions was explained by the model. The perception of personal responsibility for an addiction and high expectancy of aggressiveness have a positive influence on intentions to impose restrictions. Feelings of anger and fear were also predictors of intentions to impose restrictions. CONCLUSIONS: The Dutch public showed high intentions to restrict people with an alcohol- or drug addiction which has an extensive impact on their life opportunities. Perceived aggressiveness, feeling of anger and fear, and perceived responsibility were associated with higher intentions to impose restrictions. HubMed – addiction
Patterns of Homelessness and Implications for HIV Health After Release from Jail.
AIDS Behav. 2013 May 9;
Zelenev A, Marcus R, Kopelev A, Cruzado-Quinones J, Spaulding A, Desabrais M, Lincoln T, Altice FL
This empirical study examines the association between substance abuse, mental illness, health behaviors and different patterns of homelessness among recently released, HIV-infected jail detainees. Using longitudinal data from a 10-site study, we examine correlates of homelessness, transitions to and from stable housing and the effect of housing on HIV treatment outcomes. Based on our analysis, we found evidence that the transitions from homelessness are closely associated with a reduction in the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, a decline in drug addiction severity, and an improvement in mental health. In addition, we found evidence that disparities in the housing status contributed substantially to the observed gap in the HIV treatment outcomes between homeless and non-homeless patients, including in achievement of virological suppression over time. HubMed – addiction
CRF Mediates the Anxiogenic and Anti-Rewarding, but not the Anorectic Effects of PACAP.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 May 9;
Dore R, Iemolo A, Smith KL, Wang X, Cottone P, Sabino V
Anxiety disorders represent the most common mental disturbances in the world, and they are characterized by an abnormal response to stress. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1 have been proposed to play a key role in mediating the responses to stress as well as the regulation of food intake and body weight. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the major stress peptide in the brain, has been hypothesized to be involved in PACAP effects, but the reports are conflicting so far. The present study was aimed at further characterizing the behavioral effects of PACAP in rats and at determining the role of central CRF receptors. We found that intracerebroventricular PACAP treatment induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test and elevated intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds; both of these effects were fully blocked by concurrent treatment with the CRF receptor antagonist D-Phe-CRF(12-41). Interestingly, the CRF antagonist had no effect on PACAP-induced increased plasma corticosterone, reduction of food intake and body weight loss. Finally, we found that PACAP increased CRF levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and, importantly, in the central nucleus of the amygdala, as measured by solid phase radioimmunoassay and quantitative real-time PCR. Our results strengthen the notion that PACAP is a strong mediator of the behavioral response to stress and prove for the first time that this neuropeptide has anti-rewarding (i.e. pro-depressant) effects. In addition, we identified the mechanism by which PACAP exerts its anxiogenic and pro-depressant effects, via the recruitment of the central CRF system and independently from HPA axis activation.Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 9 May 2013; doi:10.1038/npp.2013.113. HubMed – addiction
Funding treatment for gambling addiction in Great Britain: ethical issues.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2013 May; 74(5): 246-Unknown
Walker T, George S
Gambling is an activity that many people enjoy without significant risks to their health. For a minority, however, engaging in gambling can result in addiction. HubMed – addiction
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