OPRM1 Rs1799971 Polymorphism and Opioid Dependence: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis.

OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism and opioid dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis.

Pharmacogenomics. 2013 May; 14(7): 813-24
Haerian BS, Haerian MS

The OPRM1 gene encodes the µ-opioid receptor, which is the primary site of action of most opioids. Several studies and three meta-analyses have examined a possible link between the exonic OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism and opioid dependence; however, results have been inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with opioid dependence. Thirteen studies (n = 9385), comprising 4601 opioid dependents and 4784 controls, which evaluated association of the OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism with susceptibility to opioids, were included in this study. Our meta-analysis showed significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to opioid dependence in overall studies under a codominant model, as well as susceptibility to opioid dependence or heroin dependence in Asians under an autosomal dominant model. The nonsynonymous OPRM1 rs1799971 might be a risk factor for addiction to opioids or heroin in an Asian population. HubMed – addiction

 

Association of genetic variation in pharmacodynamic factors with methadone dose required for effective treatment of opioid addiction.

Pharmacogenomics. 2013 May; 14(7): 755-68
Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Shu X, Ott J, Shen PH, Adelson M, Kreek MJ

Aim: The interindividual variability in the dose required for effective methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid addiction may be influenced in part by genetic variations in genes encoding pharmacodynamic factors of methadone. This study was conducted to identify some of these variants. Materials & methods: This study focused on 11 genes encoding components of the opioidergic (OPRM1, POMC and ARRB2), the dopaminergic (ANKK1 and DRD2) and the glutamatergic pathways (GRIN1 and GRIN2A), as well as the neurotrophin system (NGFB, BDNF, NTRK1 and NTRK2). The study includes 227 Israeli patients undergoing stable MMT. Results: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p < 0.05). Of these SNPs, ANKK1 rs7118900 and DRD2 rs2283265 are known to affect gene expression. Logistic regression of five representative SNPs discriminated between individuals requiring a methadone dose of >120 mg/day and <120 mg/day (p = 0.019), and showed moderate sensitivity and specificity (AUC of 0.63 in receiver operating characteristic analysis). Conclusion: This data should stimulate further research on the potential influence and clinical significance of these variants on MMT. Original submitted 14 November 2012; Revision submitted 12 March 2013. HubMed – addiction

 

Pharmacotherapies of addiction.

Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2003 Jan; 8(1): 34-42
Qureshi NA, Al-Habeeb TA, Al-Ghamdy YS

Millions of drug addicts worldwide require proper treatment together with good quality care. This article aims to critically review the psychopharmacology of drug addictions.MEDLINE was systematically searched for studies describing drug treatment of addictions. Numerous studies were obtained and grouped according to the drug used to treat addictions.Although there are many effective antiaddictive drugs in the therapeutic armamentarium of drug addictions, a great number of patients tend to develop poor drug compliance, multiple relapses, and continue to suffer from chronic addictions coupled with negative biopsychosocial consequences.Aside from enhancing the public awareness of the devastating effects of drug addictions through regular and effective mass media campaigns, scientific efforts should be continued in order to develop new antiaddictive drugs with better clinical profiles for the treatment of patients with addictions. HubMed – addiction