Hypothalamic Proteoglycan Syndecan-3 Is a Novel Cocaine Addiction Resilience Factor.
Hypothalamic proteoglycan syndecan-3 is a novel cocaine addiction resilience factor.
Nat Commun. 2013 Jun 5; 4: 1955
Chen J, Repunte-Canonigo V, Kawamura T, Lefebvre C, Shin W, Howell LL, Hemby SE, Harvey BK, Califano A, Morales M, Koob GF, Sanna PP
Proteoglycans like syndecan-3 have complex signaling roles in addition to their function as structural components of the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that syndecan-3 in the lateral hypothalamus has an unexpected new role in limiting compulsive cocaine intake. In particular, we observe that syndecan-3 null mice self-administer greater amounts of cocaine than wild-type mice. This effect can be rescued by re-expression of syndecan-3 in the lateral hypothalamus with an adeno-associated viral vector. Adeno-associated viral vector delivery of syndecan-3 to the lateral hypothalamus also reduces motivation for cocaine in normal mice. Syndecan-3 limits cocaine intake by modulating the effects of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, which uses syndecan-3 as an alternative receptor. Our findings indicate syndecan-3-dependent signaling as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction. HubMed – addiction
Managing Psychiatric Comorbidity Within Versus Outside of Methadone Treatment Settings: A Randomized and Controlled Evaluation.
Addiction. 2013 Jun 4;
Brooner RK, Kidorf MS, King VL, Peirce J, Neufeld K, Stoller K, Kolodner K
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Integrating psychiatric services within substance abuse treatment settings is a promising service delivery model, but has not been evaluated using random assignment to psychiatric treatment setting and controlled delivery of psychiatric care. This study evaluates the efficacy of onsite and integrated psychiatric service delivery in an opioid-agonist treatment program on psychiatric and substance use outcomes. DESIGN: Participants at the Addiction Treatment Services (ATS) were randomly assigned to receive onsite and integrated substance abuse and psychiatric care (ONSITE: n=160) versus offsite and non-integrated substance abuse and psychiatric care (OFFSITE: n=156), and observed for one year. ONSITE participants received all psychiatric care within the substance abuse program by the same group of treatment providers. The same type and schedule of psychiatric services were available to OFFSITE participants at a community psychiatry program. SETTING: All participants received routine methadone maintenance at the ATS program in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were opioid-dependent men and women with at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and confirmed by expert clinical reappraisal. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes included psychiatric service utilization and retention, Hopkins Symptom Checklist Global Severity Index (GSI) change scores, and urinalysis test results. FINDINGS: ONSITE participants were more likely to initiate psychiatric care (97% vs. 80%, p < .001), remain in treatment longer (196 vs. 102 days; p < .001), attend more psychiatrist appointments (12.9 vs. 2.7; p < 0.001), and have greater reductions in GSI scores (4.2 vs. 1.7; p = .003) than OFFSITE participants; no differences were observed for drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Onsite and integrated psychiatric and substance misuse services in a methadone treatment setting may improve psychiatric outcomes compared with offsite and non-integrated substance misuse and psychiatric care. However this may not translate into improved substance misuse outcomes. HubMed – addiction
Group Psychotherapy Approaches to Addiction and Substance Abuse . By Philip J. Flores , Ph.D., ABPP, CGP, LFAGPA and David W. Brook , M.D., CGP, LFAGPA. New York : American Group Psychotherapy Association , 2011 , 134 pp. Member: .00; Nonmember: 0.00.
Int J Group Psychother. 2013 Jul; 63(3): 453-7
Childhood conduct disorder trajectories, prior risk factors and cannabis use at age 16: birth cohort study.
Addiction. 2013 Jun 4;
Heron J, Barker ED, Joinson C, Lewis G, Hickman M, Munafò M, Macleod J
AIMS: To investigate prevalence of cannabis use and problem use in boys and girls at age 16 years and to investigate the role of adversity in early life and of conduct disorder between the ages of 4 and 13 years as risk factors for these outcomes. DESIGN: Birth cohort study SETTING: England. PARTICIPANTS: 4159 (2393 girls) participants in the ALSPAC birth cohort providing information on cannabis use at age 16. MEASUREMENTS: Cannabis use and problem cannabis use at age 16 were assessed by postal questionnaire. Material adversity, maternal substance use, maternal mental health and child conduct disorder were all assessed by maternal report. FINDINGS: Cannabis use was more common amongst girls than boys (21.4% vs 18.3%, p=0.005). Problem cannabis use was more common in boys than girls (3.6% vs 2.8%, p=0.007). Early Onset Persistent conduct problems were strongly associated with problem cannabis use (OR 6.46 95% CI 4.06-10.28). Residence in subsidised housing (OR 3.10 95% CI 1.95, 4.92); maternal cannabis use (OR 8.84 95% CI 5.64-13.9) and maternal smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day (OR 3.28 95% CI 1.85-5.82) all predicted problem cannabis use. Attributable risks for adolescent problem cannabis use associated with the above factors were 25%, 13%, 17% and 24% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal smoking and cannabis use, early material disadvantage and early onset persistent conduct problems are important risk factors for adolescent problem cannabis use. This may have implications for prevention. HubMed – addiction