Eating Disorders: Anorexigenic Postprandial Responses of PYY and GLP-1 to Slow Ice-Cream Consumption: Preservation in Obese Adolescents, but Not in Obese Adults.
Anorexigenic postprandial responses of PYY and GLP-1 to slow ice-cream consumption: preservation in obese adolescents, but not in obese adults.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Dec 12;
Rigamonti AE, Agosti F, Compri E, Giunta M, Marazzi N, Muller E, Cella S, Sartorio A
Eating slowly increases the postprandial responses of some anorexigenic gut hormones in healthy lean subjects. As the rate of food intake is positively associated with obesity, aim of the study was to determine whether eating the same meal at different rates evokes different postprandial anorexigenic responses in obese adolescent and adult subjects.Eighteen obese adolescents and adults were enrolled. A test meal was consumed on two different sessions by each subject, meal duration taking either 5 (fast feeding) or 30 min (slow feeding). Circulating levels of GLP-1, PYY, glucose, insulin and triglycerides were measured over 210 min. Visual analog scales (VASs) were used to evaluate the subjective feelings of hunger and satiety.Fast feeding did not stimulate GLP-1 release in obese adolescent and adults, whereas slow feeding increased circulating levels of GLP-1 only in obese adolescents. Plasma PYY concentrations increased both in obese adolescents and adults, irrespective of the eating rate, but slow feeding was more effective in stimulating PYY release in obese adolescents than adults. Simultaneously, slow feeding evoked a higher satiety only in obese adolescents compared to fast feeding. but not in obese adults. In obese adolescents slow feeding decreased hunger (only at 210 min). Irrespective of the eating rate, postprandial responses of insulin and triglycerides were higher in obese adults than obese adolescents.In conclusion, slow feeding leads to higher concentrations of anorexigenic gut peptides and favours satiety in obese adolescents, but this physiological control of food intake is lost in obese adults.
HubMed – eating
Predictors of the Relationships Between Nutritional Supplement Use and Weight Modification Goals of U.S. Army Soldiers.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012 Dec 7;
Austin KG, Carvey CE, Farina EK, Lieberman HR
BACKGROUND: U.S. Army Soldiers must meet body weight and composition standards, and consequently may use nutritional supplements (NS) purported to assist in weight modification (WM). Nutritional supplements are dietary supplements (DS) and foods intended to supplement the diet. PURPOSE: This study assessed relationships between NS use, demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and WM goals among U.S. Army personnel. METHODS: Participants (N=990) self-reported NS use, categorized as energy drinks (E), sport nutrition products (SNP) or DS, and WM goal (lose, gain or maintain) was ascertained by survey. DS were sub-categorized as health, weight-loss, weight-gain or other DS. Chi-square and logistic regression was used to assess relationships between predictors, NS use, and WM goal. Most respondents (70.3%±1.7) consumed some NS; however, overall NS use was not related to WM goal. Significant relationships were observed between predictors (tobacco use, age, BMI, fitness score, general health and eating habits) and both WM goal and NS use. Respondents attempting to lose or maintain weight were less likely to consume E and weight-gain DS. CONCLUSION: Weight modification goal is related to multiple health behaviors, including tobacco use, physical fitness score and self-perception of health and eating behavior. Nutritional supplements are consumed in this population regardless of WM goal.
HubMed – eating
Variability in Affective Activation Predicts Non-suicidal Self-injury in Eating Disorders.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012 Dec 13;
Vansteelandt K, Claes L, Muehlenkamp J, De Cuyper K, Lemmens J, Probst M, Vanderlinden J, Pieters G
We examined whether affective variability can predict non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in eating disorders. Affect was represented by valence (positive versus negative) and activation (high versus low). Twenty-one patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type, 18 patients with anorexia nervosa-binge-purging type and 20 patients with bulimia nervosa reported their momentary affect at nine random times a day during a one week period using a hand-held computer. Affective variability was calculated as the within-person standard deviation of valence and activation over time. Results indicate that patients displaying greater variability in activation and using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a higher probability to engage in lifetime NSSI after adjustment for depression and borderline personality disorder. Neither variability of valence nor mean level of valence and activation had any predictive association with engaging in NSSI. It is suggested that the treatment of NSSI should focus on affect stabilization rather than reducing negative affect. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
HubMed – eating
Genetic Variation at the TPH2 Gene Influences Impulsivity in Addition to Eating Disorders.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Behav Genet. 2012 Dec 14;
Slof-Op’t Landt MC, Bartels M, Middeldorp CM, van Beijsterveldt CE, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI, van Furth EF, Meulenbelt I
Genes are involved in eating disorders (EDs) and self-induced vomiting (SV), a key symptom of different types of EDs. Perfectionism and impulsivity are potential risk factors for EDs. TPH2 (tryptophan hydroxylase 2) SNP rs1473473 was previously associated with anorexia nervosa and EDs characterized by SV. Could perfectionism or impulsivity be underlying the association between rs1473473 and EDs? Genetic association between TPH2 SNP rs1473473 and perfectionism or impulsivity was first evaluated in a random control group (N = 512). The associations obtained in this control group were subsequently tested in a group of patients with an ED (N = 267). The minor allele of rs1473473 (OR = 1.49) was more frequent in impulsive controls, but also in impulsive patients with an ED (OR = 1.83). The largest effect was found in the patients with an ED characterized by SV (OR = 2.51, p = 0.02). Genetic variation at the TPH2 gene appeared to affect impulsivity which, in turn, might predispose to the SV phenotype.
HubMed – eating
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