Drug Costs in Prediabetes and Undetected Diabetes Compared With Diagnosed Diabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance: Results From the Population-Based KORA Survey in Germany.
Drug Costs in Prediabetes and Undetected Diabetes Compared With Diagnosed Diabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance: Results From the Population-Based KORA Survey in Germany.
Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr; 36(4): e53-4
Icks A, Claessen H, Strassburger K, Tepel M, Waldeyer R, Chernyak N, Albers B, Baechle C, Rathmann W, Meisinger C, Thorand B, Hunger M, Schunk M, Stark R, Rückert IM, Peters A, Huth C, Stöckl D, Giani G, Holle R
The effect of plasticizers on the erosion and mechanical properties of polymeric films.
J Biomater Appl. 2013 Mar 20;
Rabek CL, Van Stelle R, Dziubla TD, Puleo DA
Cellulose acetate phthalate and Pluronic F-127 combined together (70:30 wt:wt) create a rigid, surface-eroding association polymer. To impart flexibility into the polymer system and allow for a drug delivery film that can contour to varying wound shapes, plasticizers were added. Triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate was combined with cellulose acetate phthalate and Pluronic F-127 at 0, 10, or 20?wt%. Mechanical analysis was performed on the films as they were prepared and following a 2-h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Tensile tests showed that higher plasticizer content increased the % elongation but decreased the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The effect triethyl citrate had on the % elongation was twice as much than that of tributyl citrate. After incubation, % elongation, elastic modulus, and ultimate tensile strength all increased because plasticizer leached out of the films. Microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the samples both before and after incubation to determine how erosion and leaching of plasticizer affected the interior and exterior structure of the films. Porosity increased as plasticizer content increased; however, plasticizer content did not have a significant effect on the rate of erosion. The mechanical properties of cellulose acetate phthalate-Pluronic films can be adjusted by the type and amount of plasticizer added to the system and therefore can be tailored for different drug delivery applications. HubMed – drug
Transcranial magnetic stimulation – a potential unobtrusive, non-invasive and drug-free treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.
Exp Physiol. 2013 Apr; 98(4): 882
Bradford A
Early intervention studies in infants and preschool children with cystic fibrosis: are we ready?
Eur Respir J. 2013 Mar 21;
Stick S, Tiddens H, Aurora P, Gustafsson P, Ranganathan S, Robinson P, Rosenfeld M, Sly P, Ratjen F
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease starts early in life and progresses even in the absence of clinical symptoms. Therefore, sensitive outcome measures to quantify and track these early abnormalities in infants and young children are needed; both for clinical care and interventional trials. Currently, the efficacy of most therapeutic interventions in CF has not been tested in children under the age of 6 years and drug development programs have focused on assessing safety rather than efficacy in this age group. This article summarizes the current status for outcome measures that can be utilized in clinical trials in infants and children with CF. Two methodologies are specifically highlighted in this review; chest computed tomography to assess structural damage of the lung and multiple breath washout as a technique to quantify ventilation inhomogeneity. While not all questions regarding the utility of these outcome measures in infants and young children have been resolved, significant advances have been made and it now appears feasible to design and conduct adequately powered efficacy studies in this age group. This could be a crucial step to further improve outcomes in CF patients as initiating effective treatment early is considered essential to prevent permanent lung damage. HubMed – drug