Dietary Intervention Causes Redistribution of Zinc in Obese Adolescents.
Dietary Intervention Causes Redistribution of Zinc in Obese Adolescents.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Jun 21;
Freire SC, Fisberg M, Cozzolino SM
Obese people tend to have low zinc circulation levels; this is not always related to zinc intake but can reflect the distribution of zinc in relation to the proportion of body fat and factors related to the inflammatory processes that cause obesity. The purpose of this study was to assess zinc distribution in 15 obese adolescent girls before and after a nutritional orientation program. Participants ranged from 14 to 18 years old (postpubescent) and had a body fat percent (BF%) of >35 %. Zinc nutritional status and other zinc-dependent parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and insulin levels, were assessed by biochemical analysis of plasma and erythrocytes, salivary sediment, and urine. Samples were collected before and after 4 months of dietary intervention. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to verify BF% both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Food consumption was assessed in ten individual food questionnaires throughout the study; food groups were separated on the questionnaires in the same way as suggested by some authors to develop the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) but with the addition of zinc. After 4 months of nutritional orientation, 78 % of the participants showed a decrease in BF%. Intraerythrocytic zinc increased over the study period, while salivary sediment zinc, SOD, insulin, and Zn urinary24 h/creatinine all decreased (p?HubMed – eating
Exploring Eating and Activity Behaviors with Parent-Child Dyads Using Event History Calendars.
J Fam Nurs. 2013 Jun 19;
Danford CA, Martyn KK
Despite advances in science, the prevalence of childhood obesity persists and outcomes remain inconsistent. An event history calendar (EHC) is a tool to facilitate understanding of family life dynamics influencing eating and activity choices. This tool uses reflection to assess temporally linked behavior in the context of life events so that choices related to eating and activity are more explicit. Fourteen parent-child (6-14 years) dyads completed an EHC and interview 2 months following a healthy eating/activity intervention. Phenomenological analysis revealed themes including “awareness” of activity/eating behaviors, “healthy lessons,” “family time,” and “barriers” to change. The EHC facilitated participant communication and understanding by making connections between behaviors, habits, and events in family context, so that eating and activity behaviors could be realistically reviewed. This tool has potential to guide development of individualized interventions through barrier identification and goal establishment in research and clinical settings to help counteract childhood obesity over time. HubMed – eating
Diet quality indexes and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jun 19;
Mursu J, Steffen LM, Meyer KA, Duprez D, Jacobs DR
BACKGROUND: A priori diet scores such as the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the food-based a priori diet quality score predict chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVE: We compared the AHEI and a priori diet quality score relative to mortality. DESIGN: Postmenopausal women who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study (in 1986, n = 29,634 with a mean ± SD age of 61.4 ± 4.2 y; in 2004, n = 15,076 with a mean ± SD age of 79.7 ± 4.0 y). A food-frequency questionnaire was used. Through 31 December 2008, 10,343 total, 3646 CVD, 3207 cancer, and 2888 inflammatory-related deaths were identified through record linkage. HRs were computed for quartiles of each diet score at baseline and 2004. To compare scores, the residual of each score given the other score was computed by using linear regression. RESULTS: At baseline, indexes had a correlation of 0.65. For the AHEI, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for total, CVD, cancer, and inflammatory-related mortality were 0.82 (0.77, 0.87), 0.79 (0.72, 0.88), 0.88 (0.79, 0.98), and 0.76 (0.68, 0.84), respectively. The a priori score had corresponding HRs of 0.80 (0.76, 0.85), 0.79 (0.72, 0.88), 0.86 (0.77, 0.95), and 0.75 (0.67, 0.84), respectively. Each score added information to the other score for total, CVD mortality, and inflammatory-related mortality. In 2004, both scores predicted total, CVD, and inflammatory-related mortality, and the a priori score also predicted cancer mortality. The a priori score added independent information for all outcomes except cancer, whereas the AHEI added information only for total mortality. CONCLUSION: Two correlated diet quality scores predicted total and disease-specific mortality, but their residuals also predicted complementarily. HubMed – eating
Low bone density risk is higher in exercising women with multiple Triad risk factors.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Jun 18;
Gibbs JC, Nattiv A, Barrack MT, Williams NI, Rauh MJ, Nichols JF, De Souza MJ
The cumulative effect of the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) risk factors on the likelihood of low bone density (BMD) in exercising women is unclear. Purpose: To determine the risk of low BMD in exercising women with multiple Triad risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively examined data from 437 exercising women (mean age of 18.0?±?3.5yr, weighed 57.5?±?7.1kg with 24.5?±?6.1% body fat) from 4 prospective cohort studies examining Triad risk factors. Questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographic characteristics, self-reported eating attitudes/behaviors, menstrual function, sport/activity participation, and medication use. Height and body weight were measured. BMD was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low BMD was defined as Z-Scores of <-?1 and ?-?2. Chi-square tests were performed to determine the percent of women with low BMD who met criteria for individual (current oligo/amenorrhea, late menarche, low body mass index (BMI), elevated dietary restraint, lean sport/activity participation) or multiple (2, 3, 4, or 5) Triad risk factors. Results: Late menarche and low BMI were associated with the highest percent of low BMD (Z-Score?<-?1), 55% and 54%, respectively, and low BMD (Z-Score??-2), 14% and 16%, respectively. The percent of participants with low BMD (Z-Score?<-?1 and ?-?2) increased from 10-62% and 2-18%, respectively, as women met criteria for an increasing number of Triad risk factors. Conclusion: A cumulative number of Triad risk factors were associated with an increased risk of low BMD, suggesting a dose-response association between the number of Triad risk factors and BMD in exercising women. Further research should be conducted to develop a user-friendly algorithm integrating these indicators of risk for low BMD in exercising women (particularly factors associated with low BMI/BW, menstrual dysfunction, lean sport/activity participation, and elevated dietary restraint). HubMed – eating
The Media & Eating Disorders – This video looks at the role the media has in eating disorders in women. This is a mash-up video using creative commons photos and videos from a variety of s…