Diet Quality Is Prospectively Associated With Incident Impaired Fasting Glucose in Older Adults.

Diet quality is prospectively associated with incident impaired fasting glucose in older adults.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Diabet Med. 2013 Jan 10;
Gopinath B, Rochtchina E, Flood VM, Mitchell P

AIMS: Dietary modifications may play an important role in the prevention of diabetes. We aimed to assess the temporal association between diet quality and both impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes among older adults. METHODS: A total of 2564 participants aged 49+ years at baseline were examined between 1992 and 1994 and 2002-2004 and had their fasting blood glucose measured. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine Total Diet Score. Incident diabetes (or impaired fasting glucose) was defined in participants at risk who were newly diagnosed by a physician during the follow-up or found to have a fasting blood glucose level ? 7.0 mmol/l (or 6.1-6.9 mmol/l). RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, current smoking, body mass index, hypertension and serum triglycerides, comparing highest with lowest tertile of total diet score, a significant 75% decrease in risk of incident impaired fasting glucose was observed in men (P(trend)  = 0.02). Also, in men, each two-point increase in Total Diet Score was associated with a 52% reduction in the 10-year incidence of impaired fasting glucose, (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.69). No significant associations were observed among women or with the 10-year incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (better diet quality) was associated with a reduced risk of pre-diabetes in men, but not women. © 2013 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 Diabetes UK.
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Preconception care: the perfect opportunity for health care providers to advise lifestyle changes for hypertensive women.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Am J Health Promot. 2013 Jan-Feb; 27(3 Suppl): S43-9
Bombard JM, Robbins CL, Dietz PM, Valderrama AL

Abstract Purpose. To provide estimates for prevalence of health care provider advice offered to reproductive-aged women and to assess their association with behavior change. Design. Cross-sectional study using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Setting. Nineteen states/areas. Subjects. Women aged 18 to 44 years with a self-reported history of hypertension or current antihypertensive medication use (n ?=? 2063). Measures. Self-reported hypertension; sociodemographic and health care access indicators; and provider advice and corresponding self-reported behavior change to improve diet, limit salt intake, exercise, and reduce alcohol use. Analysis. We estimated prevalence and prevalence ratios for receipt of provider advice and action to change habits. We calculated 95% confidence interval (CI) and used ?(2) tests to assess associations. Results. Overall, 9.8% of reproductive-aged women had self-reported hypertension; most reported receiving advice to change eating habits (72.9%), reduce salt intake (74.6%), and exercise (82.1%), and most reported making these changes. Only 44.7% reported receiving advice to reduce alcohol intake. Women who received provider advice were more likely to report corresponding behavior change compared to those who did not (prevalence ratios ranged from 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.5, p < .05] for exercise to 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4-1.8, p < .05] for reducing alcohol use. Conclusion. Health care providers should routinely advise hypertensive reproductive-aged women about lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure and improve pregnancy outcomes. HubMed – eating

 

Mycobacterium leprae in six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Northeast Brazil.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012 Dec; 107 Suppl 1: 209-13
Frota CC, Lima LN, Rocha Ada S, Suffys PN, Rolim BN, Rodrigues LC, Barreto ML, Kendall C, Kerr LR

Human beings are the main reservoir of the causative agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae. In the Americas, nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) also act as a reservoir for the bacillus. In the state of Ceará (CE), which is located in Northeast Brazil and is an endemic area of leprosy, there are several species of armadillos, including D. novemcinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus (six-banded armadillo). Contact between humans and armadillos occur mainly through hunting, cleaning, preparing, cooking and eating. This study identified M. leprae DNA in the two main species of armadillos found in Northeast Brazil. A total of 29 wild armadillos (27 D. novemcinctus and 2 E. sexcinctus) were captured in different environments of CE countryside. Samples from the ear, nose, liver and spleen from each of these animals were tested by a nested M. leprae-specific repetitive element polymerase chain reaction assay. The samples that tested positive were confirmed by DNA sequencing. M. leprae was detected in 21% (6/29) of the animals, including five D. novemcinctus and one E. sexcinctus. This is the first Brazilian study to identify the presence of a biomarker of M. leprae in wild armadillos (D. novemcinctus and E. sexcinctus) in a leprosy hyperendemic area where there is continuous contact between humans and armadillos.
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