Depression Treatment: Prevalence and Characteristics of Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Japan.

Prevalence and characteristics of frailty among community-dwelling older people in Japan.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2012; 49(3): 344-54
Nishi M, Shinkai S, Yoshida H, Fujiwara Y, Fukaya T, Amano H, Ogawa K, Kim MJ, Watanabe N

Objective: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of frailty in community-dwelling people over 70 years of age. Methods: Data collected from in-home interviews conducted in 2001 were used to determine the prevalence of frailty. A total of 916 out of 1,039 older adults responded, and the data of 914 were eligible. Secondly, data collected from a comprehensive health examination undertaken in two areas in 2005 were used to identify the characteristics of frailty. 1,005 older adults participated and the data of 974 were eligible. We used a frailty index (Kaigo-Yobo Checklist) developed by Shinkai et al. (2010) to divide data into Frail and Non-frail groups. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 24.3% for men and 32.4% for women. The prevalence showed a tendency to rapidly increase after age 80 in men and 75 in women. Even after controlling for age, study area, ADL disability and comorbidity, a number of variables showed significant associations with frailty. The results showed poor functional status in physical, mental and social areas in the Frail group. The Frail group was more likely to have comorbid geriatric syndromes than the Non-frail group, such as lower MMSE scores, higher prevalence of depression, higher prevalence of hearing impairment in men, and urinary incontinence and walking impairment in women. In contrast, almost no associations with frailty were detected on routine clinical tests such as blood pressure or blood examination. Conclusions: Overall, frailty was identified as a multifactorial syndrome which was strongly related to other geriatric syndromes. The symptoms of frailty manifested as poor functioning in multiple areas. Routine clinical tests may not be useful for detecting frailty.
HubMed – depression

 

Impaired synaptic clustering of postsynaptic density proteins and altered signal transmission in hippocampal neurons, and disrupted learning behavior in PDZ1 and PDZ2 ligand binding-deficient PSD-95 knockin mice.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Mol Brain. 2012 Dec 26; 5(1): 43
Nagura H, Ishikawa Y, Kobayashi K, Takao K, Tanaka T, Nishikawa K, Tamura H, Shiosaka S, Suzuki H, Miyakawa T, Fujiyoshi Y, Doi T

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-like membrane-associated guanylate kinases (PSD-MAGUKs) are scaffold proteins in PSDs that cluster signaling molecules near NMDA receptors. PSD-MAGUKs share a common domain structure, including three PDZ (PDZ1/2/3) domains in their N-terminus. While multiple domains enable the PSD-MUGUKs to bind various ligands, the contribution of each PDZ domain to synaptic organization and function is not fully understood. Here, we focused on the PDZ1/2 domains of PSD-95 that bind NMDA-type receptors, and studied the specific roles of the ligand binding of these domains in the assembly of PSD proteins, synaptic properties of hippocampal neurons, and behavior, using ligand binding-deficient PSD-95 cDNA knockin (KI) mice. RESULTS: The KI mice showed decreased accumulation of mutant PSD-95, PSD-93 and AMPA receptor subunits in the PSD fraction of the hippocampus. In the hippocampal CA1 region of young KI mice, basal synaptic efficacy was reduced and long-term potentiation (LTP) was enhanced with intact long-term depression. In adult KI mice, there was no significant change in the magnitude of LTP in CA1, but robustly enhanced LTP was induced at the medial perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses, suggesting that PSD-95 has an age- and subregion-dependent role. In a battery of behavioral tests, KI mice showed markedly abnormal anxiety-like behavior, impaired spatial reference and working memory, and impaired remote memory and pattern separation in fear conditioning test. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that PSD-95 including its ligand binding of the PDZ1/2 domains controls the synaptic clustering of PSD-MAGUKs and AMPA receptors, which may have an essential role in regulating hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent behavior.
HubMed – depression

 

[Barriers to Providing Assistance and Making Arrangements for Being Discharged from Hospital and Changing Hospitals while Undergoing Cancer Therapy When in a State of Depression-From the Perspective of a Psycho-Oncologist].

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2012 Dec; 39(12): 117-8
Takayanagi H

As I mentioned at the past 2 meetings, the incidence of depression in patients under treatment for cancer and the number of families bereaved due to cancer is estimated to be 50% or higher in the future. Thus, countermeasures for cancer are necessary. Here, we discuss the countermeasures used for 20 cancer patients treated at our hospital during the past 3 years.
HubMed – depression

 

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