Central Coherence in Full Recovery of Anorexia Nervosa.
Central Coherence in Full Recovery of Anorexia Nervosa.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012 Nov 21;
Lindner SE, Fichter MM, Quadflieg N
OBJECTIVE: This study examined central coherence as a possible endophenotype in a large sample of women recovered from anorexia nervosa (rec AN). Recovery was defined by considering physiological, behavioural and psychological variables. METHOD: A total of 100 rec AN women and 100 healthy women completed the Rey Complex Figure Test, a measure for visual-spatial central coherence. The participants were matched 1:1 for age and educational level. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, the rec AN group showed better accuracy in the copy condition. There was a trend for a local strategy in the rec AN group compared with a global strategy in the healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of rec AN women showed no inefficiencies in global processing but a superior local processing after full recovery from AN. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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THE EFFECT OF HIGH vs. LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIETS ON DISTANCES COVERED IN SOCCER.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Nov 17;
Souglis AG, Chryssanthopoulos C, Travlos AK, Zorzou AE, Gissis I, Papadopoulos C, Sotiropoulos A
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compare the distances covered during a 11-a-side soccer match after players had consumed either a high carbohydrate (CHO) or a low CHO diet. Twenty two male professional soccer players formed two teams (A and B), of similar age, body characteristics, and training experience. The two teams played against each other twice with a week interval between. For 3.5 days before the 1 match the players of team A followed a high CHO diet that provided 8 g CHO per Kg body mass (BM) (HC), whereas team B players followed a low CHO diet that provided 3 g CHO / Kg BM (LC) for the same time period. Before the 2 match the dietary treatment was reversed and followed for the same time period. Training during the study was controlled and distances covered were measured using GPS technology. Every player covered a greater total distance in HC compared to the distance covered in LC (HC: 9380 ± 98 m vs. LC: 8077 ± 109 m; p< 0.01). All distances covered from easy jogging (7.15 Km.h) to sprinting (24.15 Km.h) were also higher in HC compared to LC (p< 0.01). When players followed the HC treatment won the match (Team A vs. Team B: 3-1 for the first game and 1-2 for the 2 game). The HC diet probably helped players to cover a greater distance compared to LC. Soccer players should avoid eating a low (3 g CHO / Kg BM) CHO diet 3-4 days before an important soccer match and have a high CHO intake that provides at least 8 g CHO / Kg BM. HubMed – eating
Mirror exposure in women with bulimic symptoms: How do thoughts and emotions change in body image treatment?
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Behav Res Ther. 2012 Sep 5; 51(1): 1-6
Trentowska M, Bender C, Tuschen-Caffier B
Mirror exposure is an efficient treatment for body image problems in eating disorders. Although habituation processes and cognitive changes are postulated to be underlying mechanisms, evidence is scarce, especially during repeated mirror exposure treatment. Fourteen participants with eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and five with bulimia nervosa (BN) composed the bulimic group (BG), and 19 healthy women without any mental disorder composed the healthy controls group (HC). The participants were treated by four standardized mirror exposure sessions. Subjective distress was assessed five times during each session. Both negative and positive emotions and negative thoughts were assessed after each session. The patients in the BG reported significantly higher levels of negative emotions and cognitions than did those in the HC in all measures and across all sessions. In both groups, subjective distress increased significantly within each session and decreased toward the end of each session. Only in the subjects of the BG group did both distress and negative thoughts and emotions decrease significantly from session to session, whereas positive emotions increased. The patterns of change differed between the BG and the HC, suggesting that habituation between sessions occurred only in the BG. Our findings suggest that the additional underlying cognitive-affective processes merit further investigation.
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Diet Quality of Americans Differs by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Nov 15;
Hiza HA, Casavale KO, Guenther PM, Davis CA
An index that assesses the multidimensional components of the diet across the lifecycle is useful in describing diet quality. The purpose of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2005, a measure of diet quality in terms of conformance to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, to describe the diet quality of Americans by varying sociodemographic characteristics in order to provide insight as to where diets need to improve. The Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores were estimated using 1 day of dietary intake data provided by participants in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mean daily intakes of foods and nutrients, expressed per 1,000 kilocalories, were estimated using the population ratio method and compared with standards that reflect the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Participants included 3,286 children (2 to 17 years), 3,690 young and middle-aged adults (18 to 64 years), and 1,296 older adults (65+ years). Results are reported as percentages of maximum scores and tested for significant differences (P?0.05) by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education levels. Children and older adults had better-quality diets than younger and middle-aged adults; women had better-quality diets than men; Hispanics had better-quality diets than blacks and whites; and diet quality of adults, but not children, generally improved with income level, except for sodium. The diets of Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, are far from optimal. Problematic dietary patterns were found among all sociodemographic groups. Major improvements in the nutritional health of the American public can be made by improving eating patterns.
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A descriptive survey investigating pre-registration student nurses’ perceptions of clinical skill development in clinical placements.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Nurse Educ Today. 2012 Nov 17;
Stayt LC, Merriman C
BACKGROUND: Clinical skill development is essential to nurse education. Clinical skills are frequently taught in higher education institutions using clinical simulation. It is unclear if clinical skills are subsequently consolidated and developed in clinical placements. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this survey was to evaluate pre-registration student nurses perceptions of the frequency of opportunities to practise, the level of supervision and assessment of, clinical skills in their clinical placements. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey design using an online, self-report questionnaire including a Likert-type scale and open ended comments. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and twenty one students, from all year groups, from a university in the south of England on a wide variety of clinical placements participated. METHODS: Participants evaluated the frequency of opportunity to practise, level of supervision and assessment of and feedback on performance of specific clinical skills. Clinical skills evaluated were measurement of vital signs, aseptic non-touch technique, assisting with eating and drinking, and assisting with comfort and hygiene. Data were analysed utilising Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 19. RESULTS: The frequency of opportunities to practise skills in clinical placement was variable with some participants reporting that they never had opportunity to practise essential skills. Similarly the level of supervision and assessment was also inconsistent suggesting that participants frequently practised clinical skills unsupervised without being assessed as competent. CONCLUSIONS: Inconsistencies in clinical skill development may lead to graduates who are not work ready and as a result, insufficient clinical competence potentially leads to unsafe practice and poor patient care. This calls for stronger partnerships between educators and clinical areas and the prioritisation of mentor preparation and education as well as organisational support in terms of mentor workload planning.
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